Unit: Growing up and prayer
Purity, clothing, time, direction and intention.
Before a prayer begins, five things must be in place. 1) Purity of the body, clothes and place, with wudu or ghusl if needed. 2) Covering the awrah, the parts of the body that must be covered in prayer: for a boy from navel to knees as a minimum, for a girl everything except face and hands. 3) The time: Allah made prayer "a duty at fixed times" (4:103). 4) Facing the qibla, the direction of the Kaaba (2:144). 5) The intention in the heart.
The Prophet ﷺ said: "The key to prayer is purity" (Abu Dawud 61, Tirmidhi 3). Schools of law differ on some details: follow your family's and mosque's school, and ask a teacher.
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