أَيَّامُ التَّشْرِيقِ وَرَمْيُ الْجَمَرَاتِ وَطَوَافُ الْوَدَاعِ

The days of tashriiq The 11th, 12th and 13th of Dhul-Ḥijja are "days of eating, drinking and remembering Allah" (Muslim 1141). Allah says: "And remember Allah during numbered days" (meaning of 2:203, text below). They are days of dhikr, takbiir and joy.

The nights in Minaa • One spends the night of the 11th and that of the 12th in Minaa, and that of the 13th for whoever stays. This is an obligation for the majority, a sunna for the Hanafis [À VÉRIFIER]. • "Spending the night" is achieved, according to the majority, by staying there for most of the night [À VÉRIFIER]. • The Prophet ﷺ allowed his uncle Al-'Abbaas to spend these nights in Makkah to give water to the pilgrims (Bukhari 1634, Muslim 1315). Scholars derive from this a dispensation for those with a real excuse: carers, the sick, people who cannot find a place in Minaa [À VÉRIFIER].

The stoning of the three jamaraat Each day of tashriiq, one stones the three pillars, in this order, seven pebbles for each, that is twenty-one pebbles per day: 1. The small one (al-jamra aṣ-ṣughraa), the closest to the mosque of Al-Khayf: seven pebbles, with a takbiir for each throw; then one moves aside a little, turns towards the qibla and supplicates at length, hands raised. 2. The middle one (al-jamra al-wusṭaa): likewise, then a long supplication. 3. The large one (Jamrat al-'Aqaba): seven pebbles, then one leaves without stopping to supplicate. This is what Ibn 'Umar did, saying: "This is how I saw the Prophet ﷺ do it" (Bukhari 1751, 1752, 1753) [À VÉRIFIER : numéros].

The time of stoning • On the days of tashriiq, the Sunna is to stone after the zenith (az-zawaal): "The Prophet ﷺ stoned on the day of sacrifice in the mid-morning, and after that after the sun had declined" (Muslim 1299). Ibn 'Umar: "We would wait, and when the sun declined, we would stone" (Bukhari 1746). • Stoning before the zenith on those days is not valid for the majority; some early and contemporary scholars have allowed it, especially on the day of departure or because of the crowd [À VÉRIFIER : présentation des avis]. • Stoning at night, after sunset and until dawn, is permitted according to many scholars to avoid the crowd [À VÉRIFIER]. • Someone who cannot stone (sick, very old, pregnant, a child) may appoint someone performing Hajj that year to stone for him; that person first stones for himself, then for the other [À VÉRIFIER : modalités selon les écoles]. • Someone who missed one day's stoning may make it up the following day, before the end of the days of tashriiq, according to the majority [À VÉRIFIER].

Leaving on the 12th or staying for the 13th "Whoever hastens to leave in two days, there is no sin on him; and whoever stays on, there is no sin on him, for the one who fears Allah" (meaning of 2:203). • Whoever leaves on the 12th stones after the zenith and leaves Minaa before sunset, according to the majority. If he is still in Minaa at sunset without being prevented from leaving, he spends the night there and stones on the 13th; for the Hanafis, he may still leave before the dawn of the 13th [À VÉRIFIER]. • Staying until the 13th is better: this is what the Prophet ﷺ did. The choice is often made with the group: programme to be completed by the centre.

The farewell ṭawaaf (ṭawaaf al-wadaa') • "Let no one leave until his last act is [a ṭawaaf] around the House" (Muslim 1327). This is an obligation for the majority, a sunna for the Malikis [À VÉRIFIER]. • It is performed just before leaving Makkah: seven circuits, without ramal. One may then wait for one's bus or buy what is needed for the journey without lingering; a long stay after it requires repeating it according to many scholars [À VÉRIFIER]. • A woman in her period or in post-natal bleeding is exempt from it: "People were commanded that their last act be at the House, except that it was lightened for the woman in her period" (Bukhari 1755, Muslim 1328). • Someone who delayed ṭawaaf al-ifaaḍa until his departure may, according to many scholars, perform it last, and it takes the place of the farewell ṭawaaf [À VÉRIFIER]. • For someone performing only Umrah, the farewell ṭawaaf is discussed [À VÉRIFIER].

Summary: pillars, obligations and sunnas According to the most widespread presentation, with differences between the schools [À VÉRIFIER : les écoles diffèrent, l'imam précise]: • The pillars (arkaan), without which the Hajj is not valid: iḥraam, the standing at 'Arafa, ṭawaaf al-ifaaḍa, the sa'y. For the Hanafis, the pillars are the standing at 'Arafa and the greater part of ṭawaaf al-ifaaḍa; iḥraam is a condition and the sa'y an obligation. The Shafi'is add shaving and the order between most of the pillars. • The obligations (waajibaat), made up for by a sacrifice if missed: for example, among the Hanbalis, iḥraam at the miiqaat, staying at 'Arafa until sunset, the night at Muzdalifa, the nights in Minaa, the stonings, shaving or shortening, and the farewell ṭawaaf. • The rest is sunna: ṭawaaf al-quduum (for whoever performs ifraad or qiraan), ramal, the night of the 8th in Minaa, the supplications…

The Hajj is complete "Then, when you have completed your rites, remember Allah as you used to remember your forefathers, or even more" (meaning of 2:200). Many pilgrims then go to Madinah (lesson 9), then return home (lesson 10).

Understanding the lesson

Explanation The days of tashriiq are days of remembering Allah in joy: one eats, drinks, says the takbiir, and goes each day to the jamaraat. The stoning is not anger against stones: it was instituted "to establish the remembrance of Allah", according to a hadith reported by Abu Daawuud (1888) [À VÉRIFIER : numéro et degré]. Reports from Ibn 'Abbaas link it to Ibraahiim, who drove away Satan when he came to turn him from Allah's command [À VÉRIFIER : source et degré]. The long supplications after the first two pillars are often neglected by hurried pilgrims; yet they are part of the Sunna. Verse 2:203 leaves the choice of leaving on the 12th or staying for the 13th, "for the one who fears Allah": what matters is not the number of days, but the piety that goes with them. Finally, the farewell ṭawaaf makes the last act a return to the House: one leaves Makkah as one entered it, through the Ka'ba. And the dispensation for the woman in her period shows once more the ease of the religion.

Lessons to draw from it • Stone calmly and do not forget the supplications after the small and middle pillars. • Use the less crowded times allowed by the positions the group follows. • Decide with the group whether to leave on the 12th or the 13th, and respect the time of sunset. • Do not leave Makkah without the farewell ṭawaaf, unless exempt. • Make takbiir and dhikr during these days, in Minaa as elsewhere.

Key points to remember • Tashriiq: 11, 12, 13 Dhul-Ḥijja, days of eating, drinking and remembering Allah (Muslim 1141). • Three pillars: small, middle, large; seven pebbles each, after the zenith (Muslim 1299). • Supplication after the small and middle ones, not after the large one. • Leave on the 12th before sunset, or stay for the 13th (2:203). • Farewell ṭawaaf (Muslim 1327); dispensation for the woman in her period (Bukhari 1755, Muslim 1328).

The main message The last days of Hajj are days of remembering Allah: stone with humility, bid farewell to the House, and set off keeping this remembrance alive.

The text: Surah Al-Baqara (2), verses 200 to 203 [TEXTE ARABE À INSÉRER : sourate 2:200-203]

Meaning: "Then, when you have completed your rites, remember Allah as you used to remember your forefathers, or even more. Among people are some who say: 'Our Lord, give us in this world', and they will have no share in the Hereafter. And among them are some who say: 'Our Lord, give us good in this world and good in the Hereafter, and protect us from the punishment of the Fire.' Those will have a share of what they have earned, and Allah is swift in reckoning. And remember Allah during numbered days. Whoever hastens to leave in two days, there is no sin on him; and whoever stays on, there is no sin on him, for the one who fears Allah. Fear Allah, and know that to Him you will be gathered." The "numbered days" are understood as the days of tashriiq.

Arabic text: deliberately not typed, to avoid any error; it is to be copied from the centre's mushaf (or a verified source) at the place indicated.