Unit: Uthman ibn Affan
The copies sent to the cities and the end of his caliphate.
Uthman was caliph for about twelve years (23-35 after the Hijra, 644-656). As Islam spread, people in different regions started to recite the Qur'an in slightly different ways of speech, and disputes began. Uthman asked Zayd ibn Thabit and a group of Companions to copy the Qur'an from the original manuscript kept since Abu Bakr into standard copies, and sent one to the main cities (Bukhari 4987).
This is why the Qur'an we read today is the same everywhere. At the end of his life, troubles arose and he was killed in his house while reading the Qur'an. We speak of the Companions with respect and ask Allah to forgive them.
Lesson: protect what unites the community.
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